Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a system that manages female reproduction. If the HPO axis doesn't work properly, it can cause ovulation problems, which the World Health Organization (WHO) divides into three groups. Group I includes disorders where the hypothalamus doesn't work well called hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II includes disorders with normal hormone levels but are linked to various hormone-related issues. Group III includes disorders with high hormone levels due to reduced ovarian function.